Sunday, 22 March 2020

MINA

Aku telah jatuh hati kepada seorang gadis berusia 15 tahun sejak pertama kali melihatnya di ruangan Ospek.
Setelah masa orientasi sekolah usai, aku dengan terang-terangan menyapanya beberapa kali, sehingga membuatnya, sebagai anak baru, berani bertegur sapa denganku. Walhasih dia kemudian kunobatkan menjadi adik kesayangan di hadapan teman-temanku.

“Ini Mina, kawan-kawan. Jika kalian masih ingat ceritaku tentangnya.” Ujarku suatu siang  saat sedang duduk bersama Mina di kantin sekolah.

“Oh, ini ya orangnya yang membuat Qe* lebih suka nongkrong di kantin tanpa kami?” Ujar Leoni mencibir.

Jealous.” Aku mencoba membuat suasana lebih adem dengan candaan ringan.

Dan hubunganku dengan Mina semakin hari semakin dekat, seperti sepasang kekasih. Sayangnya aku adalah seorang perempuan, begitupun Mina. Dan kami juga sama-sama perempuan tulen, sehingga tidak mungkin bisa ditaklukkan oleh perempuan lainnya, hehe.

Tapi yang namanya “haters” akan selalu ada di muka bumi. Seperti saat itu, kebanyakan temanku mengejek bahwa aku telah membooking Mina untuk menjadi adik iparku. Kebetulan si ganteng Ahmad adik nomor duaku juga bersekolah di SMAN 19 Kota Banda  ini.

Aku tak begitu ingin menimpali ejekan-ejekan kawanku, tapi tetap berhati-hati tentang Mina dan Ahmad. Jangan sampai mereka benar-benar saling kenal dan jatuh hati. Tapi jumlah siswa kelas satu yang banyak dan jawaban Ahmad ketika kuinterogasi tentang Mina membuat rasa khawatirku lenyap. 

“Siapa Mina? Aku gak kenal.” Ujar Ahmad, si jagoan mamaku.

Beberapa bulan berlalu, seorang sahabat datang menghampiri dan bertanya macam-macam tentang Mina. Aku, mau tak mau, harus menaruh curiga akan sikapnya.

“Kenapa Qe, tanya-tanya Mina? Ucapku ketus, seperti seorang kekasih yang sedang cemburu.

Tanpa menjawab apapun, dia menyerahkan sepucuk surat beramplop biru ke tanganku.
Ragu-ragu aku membukanya, aku faham akan maksudnya, bahwa ini adalah sebuah surat penting dan dia ingin aku memeriksanya.

Aku tidak bisa membayangkan bagaimana ekspresi pias di wajahku ketika menelusuri baris demi baris isi surat itu. Terlebih ketika menyadari bahwa Andre, sahabat karibku dari sejak kelas satu SMP, telah jatuh cinta kepada Mina.

“Tidak, jangan kepada Mina. Jatuh cintalah kepada gadis-gadis lain. Mina begitu polos, begitu anggun, begitu baik. Aku tidak akan rela seorangpun merusak hatinya. Biarkan dia tetap menjadi Mina yang lugu, paling tidak selama setahun ke depan, karena aku masih ada di sini, menjadi body-guardnya.” Jawabku panjang lebar tentang surat Andre yang berisi proposal untuk menjadikan Mina sebagai pacarnya.

Dan aku sangat mengenal Andre, dia tidak akan pernah ingin berdebat denganku. Maka surat beramplop biru itu kemudian menjadi serpihan-serpihan kecil ulah tangannya.

“Tolong buang bentar ya.” Ujar Andre meninggalkanku dalam keadaan gelisah. Khawatir telah membuat hati sahabat baikku itu kecewa. Tapi demi Mina, akan banyak lagi hati-hati lain yang terpaksa  aku kecewakan, kurasa.

Lain lagi dengan Antoni dengan sikap frontalnya langsung berteriak di depan semua pengungjung kantin suatu pagi saat jam istirhat pertama, “Eh, Mela, Mina buat aku ya. Kecuali Qe juga minat sama Mina. ” 

Sontak seisi kantin terbahak mendengar ucapan Antoni, dan aku buru-buru menarik tangan Mina menjauhi adegan nekat itu. Mina harus diselamatkan dari lelaki manapun. Dia sangat baik, aku tak ingin seorangpun merusak hatinya. Tidak selama aku masih ada disini.

Sore Rabu itu, seperti biasa aku mendapati Mina sedang menungguku menyelesaikan les persiapan UN di sekolah, sementara dia baru saja menyelesaikan latihan Pramuka yang telah lama menghilang dari daftar kegiatan anak-anak SMA dan kini hadir kembali semenjak kurikulum 2013 diberlakukan.

“Kita pulang bareng yok. Nanti kita singgah di warung Adun, Kakak sudah lama gak makan mie caluk*.” Ajakku ke Mina.

“Ahmad gak ikut pulang bareng kakak?” Tanya Mina.

“Dia tak akan pernah mau pulang denganku. Malu katanya, anak laki-laki harus berboncengan di belakang motor kakak perempuannya. Dia pasti sudah pulang dengan Bram.” Aku menjawab pertanyaan Mina panjang lebar dan sedikit merasa aneh karena ternyata Mina telah mengenal Ahmad. Mungkin karena mereka satu tim saat latihan pramuka, bisikku menentramkan suasana hati yang tak terima bahwa pada akhirnya Mina dan Ahmad sudah saling kenal.

Di warung Mie Caluk Adun, aku dan Mina mengobrol kesana kemari, tentang cita-citanya, tentang siswa-siswa yang mengganggunya, juga tentang ibunya yang akan segera menikah lagi karena ayahnya tak kunjung pulang. Ibunya sedang mengajukan fasakh* ke pengadilan agama, kata Mina, karena sudah 4 tahun keluarga Mina tidak mendengar kabar tentang ayahnya yang telah memilih untuk menikah lagi.

“Sebenarnya banyak kawan-kawan kak Mela yang suka sama Mina.” Aku mencoba mengalihkan percakapan. “Tapi kak Mela gak mau mereka mengganggu Mina. Kak Mela ingin hati Mina tetap bersih. Minakan berhijab, sudah seharusnya kita menjaga hijab kita dengan memberi contoh yang baik bagi lingkungan kita, seperti tidak pacaran misalnya, atau tidak menyontek saat ujian. Kita jaga hijab, hijab jaga kita. “ Tuturku panjang lebar.

Dan hingga 30 menit ke depan hanya suaraku saja yang terdengar. Mina tampak sedang tak ingin menimpali. Dia khusyu* mendengar ceramahku.

“Ayo kita pulang.” Akupun mengantarkannya sampai di depan gang rumahnya. Aku belum pernah bertemu ibunya. Belum saatnya bisik hatiku.

Malamnya aku mendapat sebaris SMS dari Mina, dia ingin bertemu denganku pagi-pagi sekali sebelum kelas dimulai.

“Kakak, Mina minta maaf.” Ujar gadis berjilbab putih di hadapanku.

“Kenapa Mina minta maaf. Mina mau pindah? Atau Mina belum bayar uang sekolah, perlu bantuan kakak ya?” Aku tak sabar dan langsung menebak-nebak apa kiranya yang membuat muka oval milik adik angkatku menjadi sangat cemas.

“Tidak, Kak. Mina salah sama kakak. Mina tidak amanah.” Ujarnya menambah rasa penasaranku.

“Memangnya kakak ada suruh apa sama Mina, Dek? Kenapa tiba-tiba ngomong gini.” Buruku lagi.
“Mina…” Lalu jeda.

“Kalau setelah ini kakak marah sama Mina, gak apa-apa. Mina terima. Tapi maafin Mina, Kak.” Dia tertunduk semakin dalam dan suaranya semakin samar.

“Mina udah mengkhianati kepercayaan kakak. Mina… pacaran, Kak.” Bisikannya kini terdengar seperti suara halilintar.

“Ya Allah, Mina. Tidak cukupkah ayahmu menjadi contoh bahwa banyak lelaki di dunia yang tidak dapat dipercaya. Mereka semua buaya. Jangan gampang percaya pada mereka. Mereka hanya ingin memanfaatkan Mina.” Teriakanku terdengar menggema di lorong sekolah di tempat kami sedang duduk sedari tadi.

“Siapa anak itu, kakak mau buat perhitungan.” Amukku lagi.

Dan jawaban Mina setelah itu telah berhasil membuatku terduduk lunglai. Aku kesulitan bernafas dan loteng-loteng putih di atas kepalaku seolah-olah berjatuhan menimpaku pagi itu.
Lelaki yang memacari Mina ternyata adalah Ahmadku

RIDDLE

A riddle is a statement or question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved.

Riddle : noun
          A type of question which describes something in a difficult and confusing way, and which has a clever or funny answer, often asked as a game.
     Something which is confusing, or a problem which is difficult to solve.

Examples of Riddle :
X : Think of a certain animal! What has two heads, four eyes, six legs and a tail?
Y : Err,  A horse and its rider.
     Now, my turn. What is this? It’s as big as horse but it doesn’t weigh anything.
X : The horse’s shadow.

Grammatical structure of English Proverbs
1.       Imperative – negative
2.       Imperative – positive
3.       Parallel phrase
4.       Declarative sentences

Match the riddles with the proper answers

Riddles

Answers
1.       What is the first thing you do when you lie down in a bath full of water
a.       A chimney

2.       Everyone has seen it but will never see it again
b.       A photograph

3.       It smokes a lot but never buys a cigarette
c.       A towel

4.       Its job is to become wet
d.       The man with the biggest head

5.       You cannot study for this test
e.       A blood test

6.       How many sides does a ball have?
f.        Two (inside and outside)

7.       What is taken before you get it?
g.       Get wet

8.       What is the most useless thing in your pocket?
h.       An egg

9.       When you break it, it is still useful
i.         A hole

10.   Which man wears the biggest hat?
j.         Yesterday





PROVERB


A Proverb is a simple and concrete saying popularly known and repeated, which express a truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. They are often metaphorical (symbolic and showing some truth about a situation or other object).

People tend to use proverbs to comment on a situation, often at the end of a true story someone told, or in response to some events. Proverbs may come in  warning, advice or morals.

Examples of proverbs

* Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched
* Never judge a book by its cover
* Look before you leap
* A stitch in time save nine

Grammatical structure of English Proverbs

1.       Imperative – negative, e.g : Don’t flog a dead horse
2.       Imperative – positive, e.g : Look before you leap
3.       Parallel phrase, e.g : Garbage in, garbage out
4.       Declarative sentences, e.g : Birds of a feather flock together

List of Proverbs

English Proverbs
Value
Indonesian Proverbs
When in Rome, do as the Romans do

Dimana bumi dipijak, disitu langit dijunjung
A birth in the hand is worth two birds in the bush

Lebih baik satu burung di tangan daripada sepuluh burung di pohon
Look before you leap

Sesal kemudian tiada guna
Out of sight, out of mind

Tak kenal maka tak sayang
A friend in need is a friend indeed

Teman baik adalah teman yang ada saat kita membutuhkan
A penny saved is a penny earned

Hemat pangkal kaya
Many little make a mickle

Sedikit demi sedikit lama-lama jadi bukit
Every cloud has a silver lining

Habis gelap terbitlah terang
Like a tree like a fruit

Seperti apa orang tua, begitulah anaknya
There is no gain without pain

Bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian
Empty vessel make most sound

Tong kosong nyaring bunyinya
Out of frying pan into the fire

Keluar dari mulut harimau, masuk ke mulut buaya
 


Saturday, 21 March 2020

Collocation


A collocation is a pair or group of words that are often used together.
These combinations sound natural to native speakers, but students of English have to make a special effort to learn them because they are often difficult to guess.

Collocation List

Some common verbs
have
do
make
have a bath
have a drink
have a good time
have a haircut
have a holiday
have a problem
have a relationship
have a rest
have lunch
have sympathy
do business
do nothing
do someone a favour
do the cooking
do the housework
do the shopping
do the washing up
do your best
do your hair
do your homework
make a difference
make a mess
make a mistake
make a noise
make an effort
make furniture
make money
make progress
make room
make trouble
take
break
catch
take a break
take a chance
take a look
take a rest
take a seat
take a taxi
take an exam
take notes
take someone's place
take someone's temperature
break a habit
break a leg
break a promise
break a record
break a window
break someone's heart
break the ice
break the law
break the news to someone
break the rules
catch a ball
catch a bus
catch a chill
catch a cold
catch a thief
catch fire
catch sight of
catch someone's attention
catch someone's eye
catch the flu
pay
save
keep
pay a fine
pay attention
pay by credit card
pay cash
pay interest
pay someone a compliment
pay someone a visit
pay the bill
pay the price
pay your respects
save electricity
save energy
save money
save one's strength
save someone a seat
save someone's life
save something to a disk
save space
save time
save yourself the trouble
keep a diary
keep a promise
keep a secret
keep an appointment
keep calm
keep control
keep in touch
keep quiet
keep someone's place
keep the change

come

go

get
come close
come complete with
come direct
come early
come first
come into view
come last
come late
come on time
come prepared
come right back
come second
come to a compromise
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an end
come to a standstill
come to terms with
come to a total of
come under attack
go abroad
go astray
go bad
go bald
go bankrupt
go blind
go crazy
go dark
go deaf
go fishing
go mad
go missing
go on foot
go online
go out of business
go overseas
go quiet
go sailing
go to war
go yellow
get a job
get a shock
get angry
get divorced
get drunk
get frightened
get home
get lost
get married
get nowhere
get permission
get pregnant
get ready
get started
get the impression
get the message
get the sack
get upset
get wet
get worried
Miscellaneous
Time
Business English
Classifiers
bang on time
dead on time
early 12th century
free time
from dawn till dusk
great deal of time
late 20th century
make time for
next few days
past few weeks
right on time
run out of time
save time
spare time
spend some time
take your time
tell someone the time
time goes by
time passes
waste time
annual turnover
bear in mind
break off negotiations
cease trading
chair a meeting
close a deal
close a meeting
come to the point
dismiss an offer
draw a conclusion
draw your attention to
launch a new product
lay off staff
go bankrupt
go into partnership
make a loss
make a profit
market forces
sales figures
take on staff
a ball of string
a bar of chocolate
a bottle of water
a bunch of carrots
a cube of sugar
a pack of cards
a pad of paper

SUBJUNCTIVE


Some verbs, noun, and expressions require subjunctive. A subjunctive is a change in the usual form of verb. A subjunctive is often a verb word/base verb in English.

The Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions.

The subjunctive is becoming much less common in modern English. However, in the past, this structure was used to express ideas such as desirability and possibility. In modern English, we are more likely to express the same ideas using modal auxiliary verbs like should or must.

Examples :

  • I recommend that he consult a doctor immediately.
  • The judge ordered that she be sent to prison.

Now here are the important points to note.

The subjunctive has no –s in the third person singular.

  • He insisted that he get his due. (NOT He insisted that he gets his due.)

In modern English, we are more likely to express the same idea using should + infinitive.

  • I recommend that he should consult a doctor immediately.
  • The judge ordered that she should be sent to prison.

Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive


The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs:

to advise (that)
to ask (that)
to command (that)
to demand (that)
to desire (that)
to insist (that)
to propose (that)
to recommend (that)
to request (that)
to suggest (that)
to urge (that)


Examples:
  • Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month.
  • Donna requested Frank come to the party.
  • The teacher insists that her students be on time.

Noun derived from subjunctive verbs.

Demand, insistence, preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion
e.g : The recommendation that we be evaluated was approved.


TASK

1. It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day.

2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill

3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing.

4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.

5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes.

6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she just said.

7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week.

8. Was it really necessary that (sit) I there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really
boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.

9. It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in
the organization of the company.

10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way.

11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged.

12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake.

13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the
new hotel being built on the bay.

14. She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry. I don't know if that is true.

15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal.

16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.

17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn.

18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.

19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia.

20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to global warming before the weather patterns of the world are
disrrupted irreparable








Article, The, A and An


When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an article before it. We cannot say “please pass me pen”, we must say “please pass me the pen” or “please pass me a pen” or “please pass me your pen”.

Nouns in English can also be uncountable. Uncountable nouns can be concepts, such as ‘life’, ‘happiness’ and so on, or materials and substances, such as ‘coffee’, or ‘wood’.
Uncountable nouns don’t use ‘a’ or ‘an’. This is because you can’t count them. For example, advice is an uncountable noun. You can’t say “he gave me an advice”, but you can say “he gave me some advice”, or “he gave me a piece of advice”.

Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable. For example, we say “coffee” meaning the product, but we say “a coffee” when asking for one cup of coffee.

You can use ‘the’ to make general things specific. You can use ‘the’ with any type of noun – plural or singular, countable or uncountable.

Examples :

·         “Please pass me pen” – any pen.
“Please pass me the pen” – the one that we can both see.
·         “Children grow up quickly” – children in general.
The children I know grow up quickly” – not all children, just the ones I know.
·         “Poetry can be beautiful”- poetry in general.
·         The poetry of Hopkins is beautiful” – I’m only talking about the poetry Hopkins wrote.

Here are some more rules for when we use English articles “a/an” and “the” – or when we omit the article:
Ø  Rivers, mountain ranges, seas, oceans and geographic areas all use ‘the‘.

For example, “The Thames”, “The Alps”, “The Atlantic Ocean”, “The Middle East”.

Ø  Unique things have ‘the’.

For example, “the sun”, “the moon”.

Ø  Some institutional buildings don’t have an article if you visit them for the reason these buildings exist. But if you go to the building for another reason, you must use ‘the’.


For examples :

·         “Her husband is in prison.” (He’s a prisoner.)
·         “She goes to the prison to see him once a month.”
·         “My son is in school.” (He’s a student.)
·         “I’m going to the school to see the head master.”
·         “She’s in hospital at the moment.” (She’s ill.)
·         “Her husband goes to the hospital to see her every afternoon.”

Ø  Musical instruments use ‘the‘.

* “She plays the piano.”
* Sports don’t have an article.
* “He plays football.”

Ø  Illnesses don’t have an article.
·         “He’s got appendicitis.”
But we say “a cold” and “headache”.

Ø  Jobs use ‘a’.
“I’m a teacher.”

Ø  Countries

We don’t use ‘a’ if the country is singular. “He lives in England.” But if the country’s name has a “plural” meaning, we use ‘the’. “The People’s Republic of China”,

The Netherlands”, “The United States of America”.

Ø  Continents, towns and streets don’t have an article.
“Africa”, “New York”, “Church Street”.

Ø  Theatres, cinemas and hotels have ‘the’.
The Odeon”, “The Almeira”, “The Hilton”.

Ø  Abbreviations use ‘the’.
the UN”, “the USA”, “the IMF”.

Ø  We use ‘the’ before classes of people.
the rich”, “the poor”, “the British”.



Task
Fill the blanks using the article “the”, “a”, and “an”
A famous detective and his deputy
(This story is based on a famous joke.)
1. A famous detective and his deputy were walking in __ forest.
2. __ forest was dark and a little bit frightening.
3. Soon it began to get dark. But luckily they had __ tent with them.
4. They decided to stay __ night.
5. They put up their tent under __ stars and went to sleep.
6. Then, in the middle of the night, there was __ loud noise.
7. __ detective woke up.
8. He looked up at __ sky.
9. Then he woke up __ deputy and asked, ''What can you see?''
10. The deputy replied, ''I see millions and millions of __ stars.''
11. The detective asked, ''And what is your __ opinion about that?''
12. The deputy replied, 'Well, if there are millions of stars, and if even a few of those have __ planets, ''
13. ''It’s quite likely there are some planets like __ Earth out there.''
14. ''If there are __ few planets like Earth out there,''
15. ''there might also be __ life.''
16. The detective replied, ''You idiot! It means that somebody stole __ tent.''


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